2 The Participle
2.1 General notion
The participle is a non-finite form of the verb which has a verbal and an adjectival or an adverbial character.
There are two participles in English – Participle I and Participle II, called the Present Participle and the Past Participle.
Participle I is formed by adding the suffix – ing to the stern of the verb.
As has already been stated, the participle has a verbal and an adjectival or adverbial character.
Its adjectival or adverbial character is manifested in its syntactic functions, those of attribute or adverbial modifier.
Table 2- Double nature of the Participle
In Modern English Participle I has the following forms:
Table 3 – Forms of the Participle Active Voice Passive Voice Expresses an action
2.2 The tense distinctions of the participle
Participle I Indefinite Active and Passive usually denotes an action simultaneous with the action expressed by the finite verb; depending on the tense-form of the finite verb it may refer to the present, past, or future.
When reading The Pickwick Papers, one can't help laughing. When reading The Pickwick Papers, I couldn't help laughing. When reading The Pickwick Papers, you will roar with laughter.
Participle I Perfect Active and Passive denotes an action prior the action expressed by the finite verb.
Mr. Bumble, having spread a handkerchief over his knees… began to eat and drink.
They were, indeed, old friends, having been at school together.
Having already been informed that he always slept with a light in the room, I placed one of the two lighted candles on a little table at the head of the bed…
It should be noted that a prior action is not always expressed by Participle I Perfect: with some verbs of sense perception and motion, such as to see, to hear, to come, to arrive, to seize, to look, to turn and some others, Participle I Indefinite is used even when priority is meant.
Turning down an obscure street and entering an obscurer lane, he went up to a smith's shop.
Свернув на темную улицу и войдя в еще более темный переулок, он подошел к кузнице.
Hearing a footstep below he rose and went to the top of the stairs. Услышав шаги внизу, он встал и вышел на лестницу.
Participle II has no tense distinctions; it has only one form which can express both an action simultaneous with, and prior to, the action expressed by the finite verb.
• His sister's eyes fixed on him with certain astonishment obliged him at last to look at Fleur.
Взгляд сестры, устремленный на него с некоторым недоумением, заставил его, наконец, взглянуть на Флер.
• I was reminded of a portrait seen in a gallery.
Мне вспомнился портрет, который я видела в картинной галерее.
In some cases Participle II denotes an action referring to no particular time.
• He is a man loved and admired by everybody.
2.3 The voice distinctions of the participle
Participle I of transitive verbs has special forms to denote the active and the passive voice.
• When writing letters he does not like to be disturbed.
• Being written in pencil the letter was difficult to make out.
• Having written some letters he went to post them.
• Having been written long ago the manuscript-was illegible.
Participle II of transitive verbs has a passive meaning, e. g. a broken glass, a caged bird. Participle II of intransitive verbs has no passive meaning; it is used only in compound tense-forms and has no independent function in the sentence unless it belongs to a verb which denotes passing into a new state, e. g. a withered flower, a faded leaf.
Exercises on the form of Participle I.
Exercise 1. Read the following sentences and analyze the form of participle I.
A. 1. I kept silence for a little while, thinking of what Stroeve had told me. 2. He looked… like a man, who has fallen into the water with all his clothes on, and, being rescued from death, frightened still, feels that he only looks a fool. 3. She was lying in the dark, listening to a piano being played several rooms away. 4. Lisa walked back, wishing to get home in time to cook the dinner. 5. Sally saw the advertisement of a play being acted at the neighboring town. 6. Through the open door came a low, groaning sound, being issued out of the dark mist which covered shore and sea alike. 7. She is working in a laundry on the East Side, trying to keep her child's body and soul together.
B. 1. Having tried various topics of conversation… I asked her to tell me who all the people at table were. 2. She walked down the aisle, not changing her expression, and went to the tail of the plane and sat down there. 3. He started the motor and drove off, waving gaily, to go towards his parents' house … 4. He found the studio without difficulty, having equipped himself, from the hotel letter-rack, with a folding map of Paris. 5. …having inquired the way from one of the group of youths lounging outside the Valley Ice Cream Saloon, he (Andrew) set out for the dentist's house. 6. He went out quickly, shutting the door behind him. 7. She didn't return with us, having been asked to a supper party…
Exercise 2. State whether the action expressed by Participle I is prior to or simultaneous with the action of the finite verb (predicate).
1. Three nights later, Theresa having announced that she would be out for the evening, quickly arranged to have dinner with his mother. 2. But I wasn't listening, absorbing the atmosphere of canvases I now knew so well… 3. "Twenty-five minutes past five," said Mr. Rycrolf glancing at the clock. 4. "Tea," I said, setting the big white cup … in front of him. 5. Buttoning her raincoat up to her throat and knotting a scarf round her hair she went to Victoria Street. 6. Getting up, I ran impulsively across the room and flung my arms round her neck. 7. Waking as the sun crept over his pillow, he yawned, sat up and perceived that another day had arrived.
Exercise 3. Choose the proper form of participle I in brackets.
1. "Nonsense," said Caroline in reply… "You'll see. Ten to one she's left a letter (confessing, being confessed) everything." 2. (Turning, having turned) slowly, holding on to the wall, he dragged his way back into his room. 3. The following evening, (refusing, having refused) Elliot's telephoned order to fetch me; I arrived quite safely at Mrs Bradley's house. 4. (Pushing, having pushed) the people aside, he made his way through the crowd. 5. And for a moment they all three stood silently (looking, being looked) at one another. 6. Quickly (taking, having taken) her handkerchief, she hid her face in it and began to sob brokenheart-edly. 7. (Entering, having entered) his own room, he returned speedily with a heavy bound volume.
Exercise 4. Translate what is given in brackets using participle I in the appropriate form.
1. (Закрыв) the door with only the lightest slam, they went out together. 2. Julia sat eating rolls and drinking coffee in her room next morning, (думая) what she should do. 3. "Come along, quickly," said Nick (держа) the door of the driving cabin, "you're coming too." 4. He got up from his chair and (подойдя) to a shelf brought me a large album. 5. I kept silence for a while, (думая) of what Stroeve had told me. 6. When she had finished she sat (уставившись) in front of her for some minutes.
2.4 Syntactic functions of Participle I
Participle I has the following functions in the sentence:
1) an attribute:
Here is the telegram announcing his arrival. Вот телеграмма, извещающая о его приезде.
• Не came up to the crying child. Он подошел к плачущему ребенку.
2) an adverbial modifier:
a) of time:
As an adverbial modifier of time participle I may be preceded by the conjunctions when, while:
• When listening to her I understood that she was upset. Слушая ее, я понял, что она расстроена;
b) of cause:
• Not knowing his new telephone number I could not get in touch with him.
Так как я не знал его нового телефона, я не мог связаться с ним;
c) of manner and attending circumstances:
• For a moment they stood silently looking at one another.
Какое-то мгновение они молча стояли, глядя друг на друга.
• Не ran up to her, smiling happily.
Он подбежал к ней, счастливо улыбаясь;
d) of comparison:
As an adverbial modifier of comparison the participle is always preceded by the conjunctions as if, as though.
• He peered at me, as if not recognizing.
Он уставился на меня, как будто не узнал меня;
e) of concession:
• Не could not catch up with them though working very hard.
Он никак не мог догнать их, хотя и занимался очень напряженно;
f) of condition:
• Driving at this speed, we'll be there in no time.
Если мы поедем с такой скоростью, мы будем там очень скоро;
3) a parenthesis:
• Frankly speaking, you are wrong. Откровенно говоря, вы не правы.
• Putting it mildly, she was rather rude. Мягко говоря, она была довольно груба;
4) a part of the complex subject, the complex object, the nominative absolute participial construction:
a) the complex object:
The complex object consists of a noun in the common case or a pronoun in the objective case and participle I. The complex object is used after:
– the verbs of physical sense perception (to see, to hear, to feel, to watch, to notice, etc.):
• She watched the children playing in the garden. Она наблюдала, как дети играют в саду;
– the verbs of causative meaning (to get, to set, to leave, to have, etc.):
• Don't keep her waiting. He заставляйте ее ждать;
– the verbs of liking or disliking (to like, to want, to hate, etc.):
• I hate you talking like that.
Мне не нравится, как вы это говорите;
b) the complex subject:
The complex subject consists of a noun in the common case or a pronoun in the nominative case and participle I. It is used with the verbs of sense perception in the passive voice.
• Two people were heard quarrelling. Слышали, как два человека ссорились;
c) the nominative absolute participial construction:
It consists of a noun in the common case or a pronoun in the nominative case and participle I. Nominative absolute participial construction has the function of an adverbial modifier:
– of attendant circumstances:
• He ran into the room, his eyes shining. Он вбежал в комнату с сияющими от счастья глазами;
– of cause;
• It being a hot day, they went to the river. Так как день был жаркий, они отправились к реке;
– of time (occasionally): This having been settled, Bart left them. Когда все было улажено, Барт их оставил.
Table 4 – Syntactic functions of Participle
Exercise 1. Read and translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the function of participle I.
1. At last she left smiling and blowing a kiss from the door. 2. Desmonde came with me to all the matches returning jubilant, to our customary Saturday luncheon. 3. He drove very fast with one hand as though not carrying whether he lived or died. 4. Her aunts sat side by side on the sofa glancing at each other. 5. She stood for a moment fumbling in her bag for her key; then the door opened and vanished inside. 6. Chambers sat watching her till she was out of sight. 7. I walked down to the beach to bathe, and my uncle, having something to do in the town, walked part of the way with me. 8. Driffield worked at night, and Rosie, having nothing to do, was glad to go out with one or other of her friends. 9. I sank down on the sofa, suddenly realizing what had happened. 10. A tenant had made inquiries concerning the house, wishing to rent it.
Exercise 2. Complete the following sentences using participle I in the function of an attribute (A), an adverbial modifier (B), a parenthesis (C).
A. 1. He saw a man… 2. He came up to the child… 3. He went along the street… 4. The room was crowded with students … 5. There were people … 6. He caught sight of a girl… 7. He received a telegram … 8. Don't be very noisy, you'll wake up the child …
B. a) of time:
1. He wrote the letter… 2. When… I visited all the museums there. 3. While … you must be very attentive. 4… I realize that it was wrong. 5… I met a friend of mine.
b) of cause:
1. He kept silence … 2. He found the hotel without difficulty … 3. She didn't return with us … 4. He wasn't listening … 5… they rang again.
c) of manner or attending circumstances:
1. She walked down the hill … 2. He went out quickly … 3. He laughed embarrassed … 4. He stood there … 5. He leant on the windowsill…
d) of comparison:
1. He flung himself his arms round his granny's neck as if … 2. He looked round as if … 3. He raised his head as if … 4. He looked at her with entreaty as though…
e) of concession and condition:
1. Though … I could not help smiling. 2. Though … will be there in time. 3. Though … she tried to look calm. 4… you'll catch up with the group.
С. 1. I… you are the last person I expected to see here. 2… we have only his word for it. 3… it is not at all unusual. 4… it was a horrifying thing to happen.
Exercise 3. Read the following sentences and analyze complex objects with participle I.
1. I overheard Dale saying something about it. 2. Then she heard the stranger laughing quietly, and his footsteps came across the room. 3. He found her watering some plants; her face expressed her surprise at his unusual presence. 4. At his home, he let himself in, and to his surprise, found his wife coming towards him in the hall. 5. They could hear the Invisible Man breathing. 6. Mike saw him standing in the doorway. 7. Then her charming lace grew eager and glancing round Young Jolyon saw Bosinney striding across the grass. 8. She found herself waking from sleep and crying, but what she was weeping for she had no idea at all. 9. I saw him walking briskly through the crowd … 10. She could hear Bart moving about outside, whistling as he worked.
Exercise 4. Read and translate the following sentences. Speak on the verbs after which complex objects with participle I are used.
1. He noticed a girl standing listlessly by a pillar and he slowed his pace. 2. I thought I saw something moving along the track. 3. But he found his traps waiting for him in the porter's lodge. 4. I opened the door with extreme reluctance and found Morton standing outside. 5. The four soldiers noticed Christian watching them. 6. She ran up the drive … and I heard her fumbling for the key. 7. From where she stood she could hear everything going on at once. 8. I heard the guards moving behind us. 9… their ears spread wide to hear the first noise that would send them rushing into the bush. 10. It set him thinking.
Exercise 5. Transform the following sentences into sentences with complex objects with participle I.
Model: I could see that Dave was still standing in the doorway. – I could see Dave standing in the doorway.
1. As Nick came up to Toby he turned and saw that Michael was watching them from the other side. 2. He found that the old man was still sitting grim in the darkness. 3. He could see that a man was standing on the pavement. 4. When he opened the window he heard how the birds were singing in the garden. 5. In a minute or two I noticed that her eyes were stealthily peeping at me over the top of the book. 6. I could feel that the room was rocking under my feet. 7. I noticed that now his eyes were resting on me with a faint smile of amusement.
2.5 Syntactic functions of Participle II
Participle II has the following functions in the sentence:
1) an attribute:
• Look at that broken cup. Посмотрите на разбитую чашку.
• Look at the cup broken by you. Посмотрите на чашку, разбитую Вами;
2) the predicative:
• Не felt disappointed. Он чувствовал себя разочарованным;
3) an adverbial modifier:
a) of time:
• When asked he always helped me.
Он всегда помогал мне, когда я его просил;
b) of cause:
• Occupied by his thoughts he didn't hear my question. Занятый своими мыслями, он не слышал моего вопроса;
c) of condition (usually with the conjunction if or unless):
• If asked he always helped me.
d) of concession (usually with the conjunction though):
• Though occupied by his thoughts, he willingly answered my question.
e) of comparison:
• Не looked at me, as if bewildered by my question. Он посмотрел на меня так, как будто был очень удивлен моим вопросом;
4) a part of the complex object:
The complex object consists of a noun in the common case or a pronoun in the objective case and participle II. The complex object with participle II is used after:
– verbs with a causative meaning (to have, to get, to make) denoting that something is done or made for the benefit of the person expressed by the subject:
• I had my hair cut. Я постриглась. (Меня постригли)
Negative and interrogative sentences are formed with the help of the auxiliary verb do.
• When did you have your hair cut?
Когда вы постриглись?
– the verb of sense perception (to see, to hear, to feel, to find):
• When I returned I found her gone.
Когда я вернулся, я обнаружил, что она ушла;
– the verbs denoting wish (to wish, to like, to want, to prefer):
• I want the letter posted at once.
Я хочу, чтобы письмо отослали почтой немедленно.
Table 5 – Syntactic functions of Participle II
Exercise 1. Read and translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the function of participle II.
1. This speech was received with great applause, mixed with the cries of: "That's the talk!" 2. Mr. Wren, startled, dropped his hat. 3. Rosie looked round with delight at the great dark smoky house, crowded to the ceiling with the inhabitants of South London. 4. Carried away by the melody, Marie went so far as to dance a step or two herself. 5. "Let's skate again," she said, "shall we? With crossed hands." 6. He seemed calmed and at peace. 7. I took her hands in mine: she held my sprained wrist gently. 8. These two people seem extraordinary interested in Mon Repos. 9. She seemed pleased at Jane's graciousness and complimentary sayings. 10. Surrounded by difficulties and uncertainty, he longed for Christine.
Exercise 2. Complete the following sentences using participle II in the function of an attribute (A), a predicative (B), an adverbial modifier (C).
A. 1. Here is the letter… 2. Where is the article …? 3. Everyone approved of the report… 4. This is the house … 5. They reached the village…
B. 1. "I felt utterly …" 2. He looked very … 3. He was angry because his plan was not… 4. Why should you look…?
C. a) of time:
1. He was always angry when … 2. The children won't stop quarrelling until… 3. He will go on reading the book until… 4. He was always polite when…;
b) of cause:
1. He took leave of them … 2… he couldn't say a word. 3… he opened his eyes wide. 4… she dropped her eyes;
c) of condition:
1. He will tell you everything if… 2. He will read late into night if … 3. He will speak for hours on end if…;
d) of concession:
1. Though … he tried to answer the question … 2. They went on running, though …;
e) of comparison:
1. He looked up as if … 2. He stood without moving as if… 3. He kept silent as if… 4. She stared at me as if…
Exercise 3. Read and translate the following sentences. Analyze complex objects with participle II.
1. Martha pulled herself free again, and said, "I don't want to have my hair cut." 2. I'll have your things brought up and unpacked at once. 3. She found herself so much disturbed by this visit that she could hardly find tongue to answer his questions. 4. He saw the question written in her wondering ashamed face. 5. And then I heard a box kicked across the floor, and the next moment Rob came into the bedroom. 6. Harold put his hand to her face and felt it flushed. 7. When Stella comes out I shall tell her I won't have my hair cut. 8. Never, never had I heard it sung so beautifully. 9. Almost the entire school saw the box delivered and all awaited the outcome with ill-repressed anticipation.
Speech Exercises.
Exercise 4. Make up sentences, using the expressions given below. Note the diversity of the functions of participle I in the sentence.
A. 1. living on the floor above; running parallel to; standing in the shade, leading to; rolling down her cheeks, sitting quietly in the corner.
2. a) while watching TV; while skating; having arrived; having ordered; glancing up at the clock; when talking about his books;
b) having quarreled; wishing to get home in time; having nothing to do; realizing; working regularly;
c) smiling and waving her hand; glancing at each other; peering through his spectacles; frowning at her; rising politely; leaping from the taxi;
d) as if not seeing; as if trying; as if hiding; as if listening; as though admiring;
e) though approving; though looking pale; though regretting; though embarrassed; though moving slowly.
3. generally speaking; taking everything into consideration; putting it mildly, judging from experience; strictly speaking.
B. 1. I him running; her saying; the clock ticking; the children laughing; somebody talking; you sitting; myself blushing.
1) they… talking; he… walking, he… driving; they…exchanging glances; she … walking.
2) the hour being early…; the clock striking eight…; it being a rainy day …; important point settled …; his eyes snapping at him …
Exercise 5. Make up sentences using the expressions given below. Pay attention to the diversity of the functions of participle II in the sentence.
1. a puzzled look; greeted by everyone; surrounded by his friends; written in block letters; received by yesterday's post.
2. seemed surprised; looked bewildered; sounded annoyed; felt disappointed; looked relieved.
3. a) each lost in her thoughts; startled and annoyed; carried away by his memories;
b) when asked; until punished; when surrounded by difficulties; when embarrassed; when recorded;
c) as if startled; as if annoyed; as if deeply impressed; as though finished.
Exercise 6. Develop the following sentences into situations. Read the suggested sentences containing the participle. Then make up at least one sentence to specify, prove or refute the given one. Follow the models.
Model: The boy ran out of the room, slamming the door behind him. – The boy ran out of the room, slamming the door behind him. He was angry with his sister and did not want to play with her.
1. She sat, leaning her head on her hands. 2. He smiled, noting the astonished expression on the faces of the others. 3. While working in the reading-room I take no notice of the time. 4. A puzzled look crossed his face. 5. Going home from school Mary ran ahead of her mother, swinging her bag and touching every lamp-post. 6. The girl sat over an algebra problem, sucking her pencil gloomily.
Model: I heard the telephone ringing and went to answer the call. – I heard the telephone ringing and went to answer the call It happened to be a friend speaking. I heard her voice trembling and understood that something was wrong.
1. They heard the door bell ringing. 2. She seemed slightly put out by my question, then she smiled. 3. I felt him looking at me now and then. 4. Mary thought she was grown up. Her chief theme at home was: "Mummy, when can I have my hair cut?" 5. She sat with her eyes fixed on the ground. 6. She could be heard chattering with her friend hour after hour.
Model: She was walking slowly, a faint smile twitching the comers of her mouth. – She was walking slowly, a faint smile twitching the corners of her mouth. Evidently she was remembering something very pleasant.
1. The child began to cry and sat dabbing blindly at the egg with her spoon, big tears rolling down her face on the plate. 2. She paused, her gaze questioning him. 3. The examination being close at hand, he began to worry. 4. His curiosity having got the better of fear, the child came up to the dog.
Exercise 7. Think of the situations where you can use the sentences given below.
1. He could feel his heart beating. 2. She came at last, hurrying across the road with her suitcase in hand. 3. He kept his eyes fixed on mine till I had finished, and then he turned away. 4. It set my heart leaping. 5. I heard him pacing up and down in his room long after the rest of the family had gone to bed. 6. At this instant my attention wandered to the four people sitting at the next table. 7. "Don't thank me," she said, folding her arms and frowning at him. 8. "It's marvelous, it's terrific," he said, announcing the news to his sister. 9. They went happily down the road, boasting, chattering, tired and relaxed and utterly happy. 10. He liked the way she had her hair arranged. 11. He laughed, then was silent. The conductor had appeared, greeted by mild hand clapping. 12. Nick looked on at the moon, coming up over the forest. 13. For some minutes they stood at the door shaking hands with their host. 14. Casting a look at her husband and his newspaper, she sniffed, and withdrew. 15. She sat dumbly through lessons, her head splitting. 16. He seemed making some signs to me. 17. The girl suddenly went crimson, blushing to the roots of her hair.18. Frankly speaking, I was wrong. 19. Putting it mildly, she is rather silly.
Exercise 8. Translate into English. Pay attention to the use of Participle I and Participle II.
1. Она прошла мимо него, делая вид, что смотрит перед собой. 2. Джим надел шляпу и вышел, хлопнув дверью. 3. Обернувшись, он уставился на меня, но я понял, что он меня не видел. 4. Обычно, проводив пациента до двери, он сразу шел обратно к своему столу. 5. Мисс Вотерфорд была хорошей хозяйкой и, видя мое замешательство, подошла ко мне. 6. Сдерживая слезы, так как она знала, что он их терпеть не может, она просила его быть благоразумным. 7. Какую ты ведешь роскошную жизнь, валяешься в постели до одиннадцати. 8. Дверь случайно оказалась полуотворенной, и я слышала, как она разговаривала с кем-то в коридоре.
9. Она могла чувствовать, как у нее сильно дрожат колени. 10. Я заметил, что на стене висят несколько картин, которых я никогда не видел раньше. 11. Через секунду Льюис выскочил из машины, его глаза горели от возбуждения. 12. Я увидел, как у него на лбу выступил пот. 13. Она уселась в кресло и сидела, наблюдая за ним. 14. Проходя мимо Театра Комедии, я случайно взглянул вверх и увидел облака, освещенные заходящим солнцем. 15. Я быстро взглянул украдкой на Марта и Джерри, сидящих в первом ряду, и увидел, что они улыбаются. 16. Он ехал медленно, наслаждаясь тишиной вечера. 17. Я услышал, как его голос дрожал от гнева. 18. Я видела, как она убежала в том направлении примерно четверть часа тому назад. 19. Издалека он увидел, как аптекарь ждет его на пороге с удивленным выражением на лице. 20. Освальд мог чувствовать, как бьется его сердце. 21. Я должен ее вылечить. 22. И вечером после чая…они сидели в гостиной, дамы вязали, а доктор Мэкфайл курил свою трубку.
Exercise 9. Translate the following sentences into Russian. Pay attention to Objective participial constructions.
1. Иностранные туристы с интересом наблюдали, как над Невой понимают мосты. 2. Никто не видел, как украли документ. 3. Пассажиры наблюдали, как взвешивали их багаж. 4. Кто-нибудь видел, как принесли этот пакет? 5. Я был так взволнован, что не заметил, как забили шайбу. 6. Наутро я обнаружил, что стекло в машине разбито, а замок взломан. 7. Я не хочу, чтобы этот вопрос обсуждался на вашем заседании. 8. Почему ты оставил машину грязной? 9. С удивлением она нашла посуду всю вымытой, а кухню убранной.
Exercise 10. Find in the sentences below the ones containing the constructions with have + Participle II, translate them into Russian.
1. They had coffee brought out into the garden after lunch. 2. They assumed that he would be a candidate for the Mastership and they believed that they could get him elected. 3. "God, girl," he said, "haven't you got the kettle on yet? I thought you'd have tea made by now". 4. He was an observant and suspicious man, and he might have had his suspicions sharpened by unhappiness. 5. You'll never guess where I had the suit made. 6. But even if you work hard it takes a long time to write a novel. And only then you may have it published. 7. He was going to have his car fixed in a garage and come back to pick it up in a few days. 8. The viceroy proposed to have James's horse whipped through the street of Naples. 9. He took deep interest in the subject, even going so far as to have lies spread about it. 10. The organization had both men toplisted in their files.
Exercise 11. Translate into English the sentences with the construction have + Participle II.
1. Вам здесь почистят костюм очень быстро и хорошо. 2. Директор хочет, чтобы это письмо напечатали и отправили факсом немедленно. 3. Интересно, кто предложил отправить эти документы авиапочтой? 4. Нельзя ли подогреть кофе и сделать бутерброды? 5. Через Интерпол его арестовали в Неаполе, когда он собирался вылететь на Сицилию. 6. Мы не стояли в очереди, мы заказали все билеты заранее. 7. Должен вам сообщить, что места в гостинице для вас зарезервированы. 8. Галстук у него не завязан, пуговицы не застегнуты. 9. Хотелось бы знать, когда отрегулируют эту антенну. Совершенно невозможно смотреть этот канал. 10. Он развесил фотографии своего футбольного кумира во всех витринах своего магазина. 11. К весне она отремонтировала всю квартиру, поменяла обои, заменила сантехнику. 12. Он осмотрел всех лошадей в конюшне и приказал седлать серого жеребца.
Exercise 12. Find in the sentences below the ones containing Nominative Absolute Participial construction, translate them into Russian.
1. His attention caught, he did not hurry to leave. 2. He lunched at the boarding house, the meal of the day being pot roast and noodles. 3. The missing archives found, he dedicated his life to restoring and cataloguing them. 4. Like his brother he was intelligent, his eye full now of the aggression brought on by the shooting, the narrow jaw jutting, the will to fight shouting from every muscle. 5. His brother, now reigning Louis XIV was born at twelve, his father being at dinner. 6. The moonlit road was empty, with the wet snow blowing past. 7. Jane stood there, with her cheeks burning, her dark eyes looking before her. 8. And then came the final moment, with the guards coming for her. 9. She was a woman of about fifty with thin gray hair hanging from under an old hat. 10.He was sleeping in his office, with his head pillowed on his arms and with his face turned away.
Exercise 13. Translate into English the sentences with the construction Nominative Absolute Participial construction.
1. Так как было поздно, осмотр достопримечательностей пришлось отложить на утро понедельника. 2. Ветер стих, они отправились на прогулку. 3. Наступило 14 апреля, они уехали. 4. Если погода позволит, мы выйдем на шхуне в море уже завтра. 5. Наконец наступила развязка, полицейские добрались до него. 6. Письмо лежало на столе, причем печать сорвана, конверт порван. 7. Самолет пронесся очень низко, шум от двигателя везде: на лужайке, в саду, в доме. 8. И они уходят в черную ночь; дождь навсегда смывает память о них.
Exercise 14. Find in the sentences below the ones containing Nominative Absolute construction (without a participle), translate them into Russian.
1. I hovered at the edge of things, hands in pockets, hair-tousled, local paper under arm, looking, I hoped not too English. 2. Faint with hunger, Jim swayed against the door frame. 3. James set off, his hands deep in his pockets. 4. The manager listened to the report, head down, motionless. 5. She was sitting and watching the fire, Jim's arm round her shoulders. 6. Manson went down, his head full of joyful excitement. 7. Summer over, birds are flying to the South. 8. Then he started out, bag and overcoat in hand, to get his cup of coffee. 9. She looked quite a different person now, her face pale, her smile listless. 10. A momentary hush; the orchestra leader varies his rhythm obligingly for her, and there is a burst of chatter.
Exercise 15. State the syntactical functions of the participles in the following sentences and translate the sentences.
1. Being a mean person, he never spent more than he had to. 2. They debated for hours without a decision being taken. 3. He was a short bespectacled man entering a grey and paunchy middle age. 4. Unless changed, this law will make life difficult for farmers. 5. There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed.
Exercise 16. Translate into English using Participle I or II wherever possible.
1. Она молчала, словно ожидая, что её зададут другой вопрос. 2. Он смотрел на мальчика, сидевшего на стуле в углу комнаты. 3. Мальчик, который сидел на стуле в углу комнаты, уже ушел. 4. Так как он плохо себя чувствовал, ему пришлось остаться дома. 5. Он вспомнил об этом, когда был дома. 6. Когда её попросили, она дала свой адрес. 7. Я слышал, как назвали мою фамилию. 8. Можно для меня вызвать такси? 9. Не зная ответа, он стоял, не говоря ни слова. 10. Он смог бы сделать гораздо больше для вас, если бы он был лучше информирован. 11. Не желая быть первым, я замедлил шаги. 12. Если обстоятельства позволят, я приеду к вам осенью. 13. Выпив чашку чая, она почувствовала себя гораздо лучше. 14. Он читал газету лежа на диване. 15. Сделав много упражнений, мы перестали делать ошибки на употребление причастий.
Exercise 17. Translate into English, using the Objective or the Subjective Participial Construction.
1. Была тихая летняя ночь. Мы сидели в саду и наблюдали, как луна медленно поднимается из-за деревьев. 2. Мы услышали, что кто-то поет вдали. 3. В детстве я часто слышал, как моя мать пела эту песню. 4. Мы увидели, что по дорожке сада идет сын нашего соседа. 5. Мы не видели его уже много лет, но часто слышали, как его имя упоминалось в доме его родителей. Мы не раз слышали, как его мать говорила о нем и его работе.
Exercise 18. Translate into English, using the verb to have or to get followed by the Objective Participial Construction.
1. Я переделала свое зимнее пальто. 2. Когда вы, наконец, настроите свой рояль? Он совсем расстроен (to be out of tune). Я не починил вчера часы, так как мастерские были закрыты. Когда вы оклеили комнату? 5. Вам уже побелили потолок? 6. Где вы снимались? 7. Вам следует переплести свои книги 8. Где вы делали себе это платье? 9. Я выкрасила свое платье, и теперь оно совсем как новое (выглядит совсем новым). 10. Где вы починили велосипед?
Exercise 19.
1. State the syntactic function of the verbal in the following sentences.
2. Which of the four men smoking by the fireplace is Den?
3. Having got what he wanted, he took his hat and went away.
Конец ознакомительного фрагмента.